Cambodia is a sovereign state located in the southeastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It shares borders with Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
Geography
Climate
Cambodia has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, which lasts from May to October, brings heavy rainfall and high humidity, while the dry season, from November to April, experiences hot temperatures and little precipitation.
Fauna
Cambodia boasts a diverse array of wildlife, including several endangered species such as the Indochinese tiger, Asian elephant, and Irrawaddy dolphin. The country’s forests are home to various species of monkeys, deer, and birds, while its rivers and lakes support unique aquatic life.
Longest Rivers
The Mekong River, one of the world’s longest rivers, flows through Cambodia, providing a vital source of water for irrigation, transportation, and fishing. The Tonlé Sap River, which connects to the Tonlé Sap Lake, is another significant waterway in the country.
Highest Mountains
The Cardamom Mountains, located in the southwestern part of Cambodia, are the country’s highest mountain range. Although they are not particularly high compared to other mountain ranges in the world, they offer stunning natural scenery and diverse ecosystems.
History
Prehistory
The history of Cambodia dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human habitation dating as far back as the Paleolithic era. The region was home to several powerful kingdoms, including the Funan and Chenla civilizations, which thrived from the 1st to the 9th centuries AD.
Angkor Civilization
The pinnacle of Cambodia’s ancient history was the Khmer Empire, which ruled over much of Southeast Asia from the 9th to the 15th centuries. The empire’s most iconic legacy is the magnificent temple complex of Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the largest religious monuments in the world.
Colonial Period
In the 19th century, Cambodia became a protectorate of France as part of French Indochina. The country gained independence in 1953, but political instability and conflict followed, including the brutal reign of the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s, which resulted in widespread suffering and loss of life.
Modern Age
Since the end of the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia has undergone significant reconstruction and development efforts. The country has made strides in rebuilding its infrastructure, revitalizing its economy, and strengthening its democratic institutions.
Demographics
Cambodia has a population of approximately 16 million people, with the majority belonging to the Khmer ethnic group. Other ethnic minorities include the Cham, Chinese, and Vietnamese communities. Buddhism is the predominant religion, practiced by over 95% of the population.
Administrative Divisions
Cambodia is divided into 25 provinces and the capital city of Phnom Penh. Each province is further subdivided into districts, communes, and villages. The administrative divisions play a crucial role in governance and public administration at the local level.
Administrative Divisions and Population (2022 estimate)
- Banteay Meanchey Province – Population: 810,000
- Battambang Province – Population: 1,025,000
- Kampong Cham Province – Population: 1,775,000
- Kampong Chhnang Province – Population: 600,000
- Kampong Speu Province – Population: 900,000
- Kampong Thom Province – Population: 730,000
- Kampot Province – Population: 630,000
- Kandal Province – Population: 1,240,000
- Koh Kong Province – Population: 260,000
- Kratié Province – Population: 350,000
10 Largest Cities by Population
- Phnom Penh
- Siem Reap
- Battambang
- Sihanoukville
- Kampong Cham
- Kampong Speu
- Kampong Thom
- Preah Sihanouk
- Ta Khmau
- Pursat
Education Systems
Education in Cambodia has improved significantly in recent years, with the government prioritizing access to quality education for all citizens. While primary education is free and compulsory, challenges remain, particularly in rural areas. Cambodia has several universities and colleges, with the Royal University of Phnom Penh and the University of Health Sciences being among the top institutions.
Transportation
Airports
Cambodia has several international airports, including Phnom Penh International Airport, Siem Reap International Airport, and Sihanouk International Airport. These airports serve as important hubs for domestic and international travel.
Railways
Cambodia has a limited railway network, with the main line running from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville. Efforts are underway to expand and modernize the railway system to improve connectivity and facilitate economic development.
Highways
The country has an extensive road network, with major highways connecting the capital city of Phnom Penh to other urban centers and provinces. The Southern Coastal Corridor and the Northern Economic Corridor are key transportation routes that support trade and commerce.
Ports
Cambodia’s main ports are located in Sihanoukville and Phnom Penh, serving as crucial gateways for maritime trade and shipping. These ports handle a significant volume of goods, including exports such as garments, rice, and electronics.
Country Facts
- Population: 16 million
- Capital: Phnom Penh
- Language: Khmer
- Religion: Buddhism
- Race: Khmer, Cham, Chinese, Vietnamese
- Currency: Cambodian riel (KHR)
- ISO Country Code: KH
- International Calling Code: +855
- Top-level Domain: .kh